What is a concussion and how can vestibular physical therapy help?

A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that disrupts normal brain function. It can lead to a range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and balance problems. Vestibular physical therapy can play a crucial role in the management of concussions, particularly in addressing symptoms related to balance and dizziness.

• Assessment: The therapist will conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify concussion-related impairments and other factors contributing to the individual’s symptoms.

• Canalith repositioning maneuvers: If the individual is experiencing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) as a result of the concussion, specific maneuvers may be performed to reposition displaced inner ear crystals and alleviate symptoms of vertigo.

• Habituation exercises: These exercises involve exposing the individual to controlled movements or activities that provoke symptoms of dizziness or imbalance. Over time, repeated exposure helps desensitize the vestibular system and reduce symptom severity.

• Gaze stabilization exercises: These exercises aim to improve the ability to maintain clear vision during head movements, which may be impaired following a concussion. They involve performing controlled eye and head movements to enhance gaze stability and reduce feelings of dizziness.

• Balance training: Balance exercises are prescribed to address deficits in postural control and stability that may result from vestibular dysfunction or general deconditioning following a concussion. These exercises help improve balance, coordination, and proprioception (awareness of body position).

• Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques such as joint mobilizations, soft tissue mobilizations, and manual traction may be used to improve the mobility and alignment of the cervical spine. These techniques can help reduce pain and stiffness and restore normal movement patterns.

• Education and home exercise program: The therapist provides education on symptom management strategies and teaches exercises that the individual can perform independently at home to facilitate recovery and prevent symptom exacerbation.

By addressing vestibular-related symptoms and improving balance and functional abilities, vestibular physical therapy can play a vital role in the rehabilitation process following a concussion, helping individuals regain their quality of life and return to their daily activities safely.